Como escolher o calçado ideal

Posted by CB 04/08/2025 58 Comment(s)

Por que escolher bem o calçado de segurança importa?

O calçado de segurança é um dos EPIs (Equipamentos de Proteção Individual) mais importantes em vários setores. Ele protege os pés contra riscos mecânicos (quedas de objetos, perfurações, cortes), riscos químicos (respingos, solventes), riscos elétricos (choques) e até riscos térmicos (calor ou frio extremo).

Além da proteção, o calçado precisa garantir conforto ao longo do expediente, já que dores nos pés, má postura e cansaço excessivo aumentam o risco de acidentes.

Para empresas, investir no calçado certo reduz afastamentos, melhora a produtividade e demonstra cuidado com o bem-estar da equipe.

Entendendo as normas e certificações

No Brasil, o calçado de segurança deve possuir o Certificado de Aprovação (CA) do Ministério do Trabalho. Este selo comprova que o calçado foi testado e aprovado para os requisitos de proteção especificados.

Existem normas técnicas que regulam cada tipo de risco, como:

  • ABNT NBR ISO 20344 a 20347: definem requisitos e métodos de ensaio para calçados de segurança, proteção e ocupacionais.
  • NR 6: trata dos EPIs em geral e da obrigatoriedade de uso.

Antes de comprar, verifique sempre se o calçado tem CA válido e atende às normas aplicáveis à sua atividade.

Principais tipos de calçado de segurança

Antes de entrar nas recomendações por profissão, vale conhecer as categorias mais comuns:

  • Sapato de segurança: modelo mais baixo, indicado para áreas sem risco de torção ou impacto no tornozelo.
  • Botina ou bota de segurança: oferece cano médio ou alto, protegendo tornozelo e parte da perna.
  • Bota PVC: impermeável, para ambientes úmidos ou químicos.
  • Sapato condutivo ou dielétrico: para trabalhos com risco elétrico.
  • Calçado com biqueira de aço ou composite: para proteção contra impactos frontais.

Cada variação possui propriedades técnicas específicas. O ideal é aliar conforto e segurança conforme o uso.

Como escolher o calçado de segurança ideal para cada profissão

Agora vamos ao ponto central: o que considerar para diferentes atividades. Acompanhe as recomendações para setores comuns e veja o que priorizar.

1. Construção civil

Principais riscos:

  • Quedas de objetos pesados
  • Perfurações por pregos e ferragens
  • Torções no terreno irregular
  • Exposição a cimento, água ou lama

Características ideais do calçado:

  • Biqueira de aço ou composite para proteger contra impactos
  • Palmilha antiperfuro (de aço ou fibras especiais)
  • Solado antiderrapante, resistente a óleo e combustível
  • Cano médio ou alto para proteger tornozelo
  • Couro resistente e, em obras úmidas, modelos impermeáveis

Dica extra: opte por calçados que combinem resistência e conforto, pois os turnos costumam ser longos e exigentes.

2. Indústria metalúrgica

Principais riscos:

  • Impactos pesados
  • Respingos quentes ou faíscas
  • Derrapagens em pisos lisos
  • Choques térmicos

Características ideais do calçado:

  • Biqueira de aço ou composite
  • Couro tratado resistente ao calor
  • Solado de borracha nitrílica com alta resistência térmica e antiderrapante
  • Modelos sem partes metálicas expostas para evitar condução de calor

 

 

Dica extra: alguns modelos têm costuras em fios especiais para suportar altas temperaturas.

3. Trabalhadores elétricos

Principais riscos:

  • Choques elétricos
  • Descargas atmosféricas ou falhas em circuitos
  • Ambiente com fiação exposta

Características ideais do calçado:

  • Classificação como calçado dielétrico, com CA específico
  • Isolamento elétrico testado e aprovado
  • Sem partes metálicas que possam conduzir corrente

Dica extra: jamais use calçado com sinais de desgaste excessivo ou umidade interna em atividades elétricas.

4. Indústria alimentícia e frigoríficos

Principais riscos:

  • Pisos molhados e escorregadios
  • Contaminação cruzada
  • Temperaturas muito baixas

Características ideais do calçado:

  • Bota ou sapato PVC ou de material polímero
  • Impermeável e fácil de higienizar
  • Solado antiderrapante de alto desempenho
  • Em frigoríficos, modelos isolantes térmicos para proteger contra frio extremo

Dica extra: escolha calçados brancos ou claros para atender normas sanitárias e facilitar inspeções.

5. Indústria química

Principais riscos:

  • Respingo de produtos corrosivos
  • Contato prolongado com solventes
  • Derrapagens em pisos úmidos

Características ideais do calçado:

  • Botas PVC ou borracha especial
  • Resistente a agentes químicos específicos (verifique a compatibilidade com os produtos manuseados)
  • Cano alto para proteger contra respingos
  • Solado antiderrapante

Dica extra: verifique se o CA especifica a resistência química para os compostos usados na sua empresa.

6. Logística e transporte

Principais riscos:

  • Impactos leves ou médios
  • Derrapagens
  • Longas jornadas em pé

Características ideais do calçado:

  • Modelos leves e confortáveis
  • Biqueira de composite (mais leve que aço) ou polimérica para proteção
  • Solado antiderrapante
  • Amortecimento e palmilha anatômica para reduzir cansaço

Dica extra: priorize modelos com bom ajuste e respirabilidade para jornadas extensas.

7. Serviços gerais e manutenção

Principais riscos:

  • Pisos escorregadios
  • Quedas de objetos
  • Exposição a água ou óleo

Características ideais do calçado:

  • Biqueira de aço ou composite (dependendo da atividade)
  • Solado antiderrapante com resistência a óleo
  • Material resistente à água (dependendo do ambiente)
  • Modelos com boa ergonomia

Dica extra: para manutenção elétrica, é indispensável optar por modelos dielétricos.

8. Trabalhadores rurais e agroindústria

Principais riscos:

  • Picadas de animais
  • Exposição a lama e umidade
  • Impactos leves
  • Produtos químicos agrícolas

Características ideais do calçado:

  • Cano alto ou bota PVC para proteção contra lama e picadas
  • Resistência química básica para defensivos
  • Solado tratorado para melhor aderência em solo irregular

Dica extra: escolha modelos fáceis de limpar e secar, já que a rotina costuma envolver muito barro.

9. Frigoristas e câmaras frias

Principais riscos:

  • Exposição a baixíssimas temperaturas
  • Risco de escorregar em superfícies geladas

Características ideais do calçado:

  • Isolamento térmico interno
  • Solado com ótima aderência em piso molhado/frio
  • Material impermeável

Dica extra: alguns modelos oferecem forração removível para facilitar higienização.

10. Serviços de saúde e limpeza hospitalar

Principais riscos:

  • Exposição a líquidos biológicos
  • Derrapagens
  • Longas horas em pé

Características ideais do calçado:

  • Modelos impermeáveis e de fácil higienização
  • Solado antiderrapante
  • Leves e anatômicos
  • Sem cadarços ou com fechamento fácil para evitar contaminação

Dica extra: priorize materiais antimicrobianos ou que possam ser higienizados com produtos químicos.

Como garantir a escolha certa

Agora que você viu os requisitos para cada área, aqui vão dicas gerais para acertar na compra:

✅ Conforto é indispensável. O calçado deve ter palmilha anatômica e boa ventilação.
✅ Verifique sempre o CA. É sua garantia de segurança e qualidade.
✅ Considere o turno de trabalho. Para jornadas longas, invista em modelos mais leves e ergonômicos.
✅ Conferência do ajuste. Deve ficar firme, mas confortável, evitando bolhas e torções.

Escolher o calçado de segurança ideal para cada profissão não é tarefa simples – mas é fundamental para garantir saúde, bem-estar e produtividade. Cada ambiente de trabalho apresenta riscos diferentes, e o calçado precisa acompanhar essas demandas com eficiência.

Na hora de escolher, priorize sempre qualidade, certificação e conforto. Um bom calçado de segurança protege não apenas os pés do trabalhador, mas sua qualidade de vida no longo prazo.

Cuide bem dos pés: eles são a base do seu trabalho.

Imagem epis: istock.co/levkr

Etiquetas: epic

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